#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Functions that modify and return strings.
"""

import string

def rot(in_str, n):
    '''
    return rot_n of in_str
    '''
    return in_str.translate(
        in_str.maketrans(
            string.ascii_lowercase,
            string.ascii_lowercase[n:] + string.ascii_lowercase[:n]
    )).translate(
        in_str.maketrans(
            string.ascii_uppercase,
            string.ascii_uppercase[n:] + string.ascii_uppercase[:n]
    ))

def string2bin(in_str):
    return ''.join(format(ord(x), 'b').zfill(8) for x in in_str)

def bin2string(in_str):
    return ''.join(chr(int(in_str[_*8:_*8+8], 2)) for _ in range(len(in_str)//8))

def zero_width_string(in_str):
    '''
    return the ASCII string encoded in non printing spaces
    '''
    return ''.join(u'\u200b' if x == '1' else u'\u200d' for x in string2bin(in_str))

def zero_width_string_decode(in_str):
    return bin2string(''.join('1' if x == '\u200b' else '0' for x in in_str))

def main():
    pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()